Policy, Ethics and Media

6 EC

Semester 2, period 6

5274POEM6Y

Owner Master Forensic Science
Coordinator Virgil Rerimassie
Part of Master Forensic Science, year 1

Course manual 2021/2022

Course content

Forensic scientists do not work in isolation from the world. Even though forensic laboratories may at times seem like places that are far remote from public life, forensic science is connected to various other social environments, such as the criminal justice system and universities. However, when the routine breaks down, such as in in times of controversy or disagreement, the forensics can take centre stage in public attention. The critical questioning of forensic evidence by lawyers and defendants may then quickly extend to include crime reporters, media pundits, researchers, civil servants, or politicians. Moreover, all of these different actors may have different views about what is right or wrong, about what is morally just. What if your work becomes part of an intense societal and political discussion? What if the media start scrutinizing your research? What do you do when you find yourself facing an ethical dilemma? And, what if current policies are at odds with wishes and demands from the forensic sciences? Questions like these are at the heart of the course Policy, Ethics and Media (PEM). Granted, PEM will not provide the answers to these difficult questions. However, it will provide tools to better understand the wider societal context in which you will be working and it also will help you to understand the perspectives of stakeholders. In short, PEM invites you to step outside of the laboratory and look at the forensic sciences from different perspectives. The course analyses how forensic science assesses the solidity of facts in the context of major social institutions in society, such as science, the law, government, and the media. Each of these institutions has its own way of assessing facts and we will analyse how these different ways interact in the practice of forensic scientists. Some controversial criminal cases will be used as a window onto the assessment of facts, showing us connections and influences. In order to do this, we will draw from the social sciences and humanities, which provide us with valuable tools and concepts for reflection on the forensic profession. In addition, PEM seeks to expand on professional skills and competences, such as teamwork, and writing and presentation skills. This requires an active approach of the students. It incorporates practical, interactive, individual and group assignments in order to enable the students to acquire skills and insights about multidisciplinary project team dynamics, one-on-one interaction, conflict resolution and learning styles.

Study materials

Other

  • see Canvas

Objectives

  • 1. Describe the differences in sociological models in the fields of policy sciences, media and ethics.
  • 2. Interpret according these models the hidden mechanisms why some actual crime cases failed to bring the right offender behind bars.
  • 3. Identify the different roles forensic scientists and other societal actors play.
  • 4. Analyse and underpin an independent moral judgment and have a sensibility for ethical complications in forensic practices.
  • 5. Evaluate the different project roles of the Forensic Scientist and the necessary skills to switch between them, depending on the situation.

Teaching methods

  • Self-study
  • Lecture
  • Presentation/symposium

The course consists of lectures and tutorials. In general, a topic will start you studying the reading material posted on Canvas. The topic is reinforced with a lecture. Furthermore, during tutorials we will go deeper into the literature and theoretical concepts, also by means of specific examples from the field and through (practical) exercises. To help us get a deeper understanding of the compulsory literature used in this, course we use the so-called ‘CARQ’. This approach is particularly useful for students who are not (yet) used to reading social sciences and humanities texts. Following the CARQ, you will look for:
• Core quotation (a phrase or sentence of the article that according to you presents the key message of the whole article), accompanied with the • Argumentative structure of the article or chapter to illumine this quotation; a discussion of • Relations the article has (with what you know from other contexts, with other texts discussed in the course, et cetera). Finally, present fellow students with • Questions that are formulated in such fashion as to stimulate discussion. The CARQ method provides a fruitful way to structure our classroom discussions. In addition, the students should cover the weekly reading assignments and will use the discussion board on Canvas to bring important issues, difficult concepts, and their questions or remarks on the literature. In addition, during the tutorials we will reflect and work on the reports you will be drafting (see below under 2.1).

Learning activities

Activity

Hours

Hoorcollege

12

Presentatie

4

Tentamen

2

Werkcollege

12

Self study

138

Total

168

(6 EC x 28 uur)

Attendance

This programme does not have requirements concerning attendance (OER part B).

Additional requirements for this course:

It is presupposed that all students will be present in lectures and tutorials. Tutorials are compulsory. If you miss one tutorial you will have to make a replacement assignment. Missing two or more tutorials will automatically result in the loss of credit for the practical / tutorial part of the course.

Assessment

Item and weight Details

Final grade

50%

Tentamen

Must be ≥ 5.5, Mandatory

40%

Group Final Report

Must be ≥ 5.5, Mandatory

10%

Presentation Group Report

Must be ≥ 5.5, Mandatory

All components will be graded on a scale from 1 to 10, with a maximum of one decimal after the point. These grades are used to calculate the final grade. In order to pass the course, all components and the final grade have to be sufficient, i.e. at least a five and a half. When a student has not fulfilled this requirement, the examiner will register the mark ‘did not fulfil all requirements’ (NAV) whether or not the averaged grade is sufficient. The components will be weighted as follows: 1. Exam (50%) 2. Group Report (40%) 3. Presentation Group Report (10%) The final grade will be announced at the latest on July 21st (= 15 working days after the final course activity). Between July 21st o August 18th (= 35 working days after the final course activity) a post-exam discussion or inspection moment will be planned. This will be announced on Canvas and/or via email.


Table of specification

LO  Tested in component EQ 1 EQ 2 EQ 3 EQ 4 EQ 5 EQ 6 EQ 7 EQ 8 EQ 9 EQ 10
1 1 x                  
2 2, 3       x     x      
3 2, 3 x                  
4 2, 3             x      
5 2, 3 x             x    

Table of specification: the relation between the Learning Outcomes (LO) of the course, the assessment components of the course and the Exit Qualifications (EQ) of the Master’s Forensic Science (described in the Introduction in the Course Catalogue)

Assignments

The assessment of this course consists of three components:

1. Final examination The exam of this course will be a written open book exam, based on the content covered during the course. The final exam will be assessed on an individual basis and aims to test your ability to apply the knowledge you gained (i.e. theoretical concepts we discussed in PEM) to concrete cases and examples.

2 Criminal case report
The second component consists of a group report in which you will apply concepts of this course to a controversial criminal case. Working in groups, your assignment is to ‘re-tell’ the case through the different lenses, or in other words, describe the case as interdisciplinary researchers.

To this end, you will write a report consisting of eight chapters, each dedicated to different concepts, on the case your group has selected. The case studies used in this course are described below. A separate document “report guide”, provided on Canvas, provides additional detailed information.

3. Criminal case  report group presentationYou will hold a presentation of the aforementioned report, which aims to stimulate discussion among your peers, as aspiring reflective forensic practitioners. Case 1: The Teresa Halbach murder Steven Avery gained worldwide renown after a Netflix true crime documentary called Making a Murderer, which debuted in December of 2015. The Steven Avery story was convicted of a crime for which he again proclaimed his innocence: the murder of Teresa Halbach. Photographer Teresa Halbach disappeared on October 31, 2005; her last known appointment was a meeting with Steven Avery at his home on the grounds of Avery's Auto Salvage. On the 11th of November 2005, Avery was arrested and charged with Halbach's murder, kidnapping, sexual assault, and mutilation of a corpse. To this date, Avery maintains that the murder charge was a frameup, promulgated to discredit his then pending wrongful-conviction civil case. The Netflix original documentary series Making a Murderer also covers the arrest and 2007 conviction of Avery's nephew, Brendan Dassey. Extensive media attention on both cases still arise from time to time, in which the controversies surrounding the Halbach murder are put under a spotlight.
Sources: Wilson, S. R., & Tolley, L. (2016). The "Making a Murderer" Case: A Brief Description on How EDTA Is Measured in Blood. Frontiers in chemistry, 4, 41. doi:10.3389/fchem.2016.00041 https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/editing-the-making-a-murderer-effect6 Case 2: The Meredith Kercher murder In 2007 Meredith Kercher, a British student on exchange, was murdered in Perugia (Italy) at the age of 21. Amanda Knox, a fellow exchange student who shared her apartment was convicted for her murder. Knox was eventually acquitted by the Italian Supreme Court of Cassation in 2015, after having spent almost four years in Italian prison. The case is viewed as controversial from several standpoints, including the questionable role of the media.

Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-14978755 Case 3: De Deventer moordzaak (Dutch-speaking students only)

The Deventer murder case revolves around the murder of widow Jacqueline Wittenberg in 1999. Her financial advisor Ernst Louwes was initially exonarated but eventually convicted in appeal. What followed was a complex and controversial forensic and legal battle, that gained immense attention in media and politics, that is still palpable to this day. 

Source: https://nos.nl/artikel/2396143-deventer-moordzaak-verfilmd-fake-news-avant-la-lettre

 

Case 4: The staircase The final option concerns the death of Kathleen Peterson, who was found in a bloody heap at the bottom of the stairs at her home in Durham, North Carolina, on the night of 9 December 2001. Her husband, writer Michael Peterson was charged with her murder. The death and subsequent trial and conviction of Michael Peterson, was subject of the documentary The Staircase, which we briefly watched during the first workshop of the course Professional Development. It includes multiple branches of forensic sciences and many different theories exist about what happened to Kathleen Peters: was this indeed a murder or an accident? There are even different theories about how the accident might have occurred, that gained widespread media attention. In 2022 even a series was launched by a popular streaming service. 

Source: https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2018/jun/05/the-staircase-netflix-true-crime-series-documentary-michael-peterson

Fraud and plagiarism

The 'Regulations governing fraud and plagiarism for UvA students' applies to this course. This will be monitored carefully. Upon suspicion of fraud or plagiarism the Examinations Board of the programme will be informed. For the 'Regulations governing fraud and plagiarism for UvA students' see: www.student.uva.nl

Course structure

Weeknummer Onderwerpen Studiestof
1
2
3
4

Timetable

The schedule for this course is published on DataNose.

Additional information

Fraud & Plagiarism: General UvA rules apply (http://student.uva.nl/fs/az/item/plagiarism-and-fraud.html).

All assignments will be checked on plagiarism. When blocks of text are found to be copied without proper references, the exam committee will be notified. Suspicion of fraud during the exam will be send to the examination committee. Examination committee is able to terminate your participation in the master course.

Followed the courses of the master program year 1 of Forensic sciences (UvA) or Management Policy Analysis and entrepreneurship in health and life sciences (VU-MPA)

Last year's course evaluation

In order to provide students some insight how we use the feedback of student evaluations to enhance the quality of education, we decided to include the table below in all course guides.

Policy, Ethics and Media (6EC) N=17  
Strengths
  • Teachers
  • Explanations given by the teachers
  • The new theories, knowledge and view on forensic science
Notes for improvement
  • Workload is quite high
  • The CARQ method is a bit vague
  • Online lectures were too long
Response lecturer:
  • Course is very well evaluated.
  • Cases could indeed be provided earlier to the students, right after the first lecture. Students will have more time to get familiar with their case and the first tutorial could therefore go more in-depth.
  • Examples on how to use CARQ can be found in social science articles. There are no good examples with a forensic background which can make it more difficult for our students to apply. Students are asked to prepare an article with CARQ for the first tutorial and the teachers then explain how they did the CARQ. However not all students prepare it. The teacher will look into using an online tool (e.g. Mentimeter) so students can fill in their answers to the CARQ during the tutorial. This will be announced , so students know they have to prepare it. During the tutorial the application of CARQ and the student’s answers will be discussed. Hopefully this will increase the understanding on how to apply the CARQ method.
  • Hopefully lectures will be on campus again. If not, the teacher will discuss with students what they prefer. For example, longer blocks with more breaks, or lectures divided over more shorter blocks.

Contact information

Coordinator

  • Virgil Rerimassie