Course manual 2019/2020

Course content

Biodiversity contributes to the proper functioning of ecosystems and is essential for a sustainable future of our earth. It also contributes to food production, biotechnology, and medicine, and is therefore of fundamental importance for our human well-being. However, biodiversity has changed dramatically, both in the geological past as well as more recently due to the impacts of modern humans. The resulting environmental changes (both natural and human-driven) take place at different spatial and temporal scales, but the mechanisms and processes driving biodiversity change are often poorly understood. For instance, species and ecosystems respond to changing environmental factors such as climate, soil, and land use, resulting in a complexity of biotic and abiotic interactions. This makes an understanding and the prediction of future biodiversity changes extremely challenging. To understand the effects of future global change on biodiversity, insights from past and currently observed changes, experiments, biological theory and modelling are used to predict how and why the biosphere changes. This encompasses many different disciplines, including paleoecology, climate change biology, biogeography, molecular ecology, and climatology. The course concentrates on patterns and processes of biological diversity at species, population and ecosystem levels, and covers biodiversity (past, current and future patterns), threats and ongoing changes, biogeography, biodiversity data, and past, recent and future global change). Course material will be covered by lectures, readings, and discussions of scientific articles. In addition, the management of data and visualization of biodiversity in space and time is performed with Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The course therefore allows students to get up-to-date with knowledge and skills in biodiversity and global change research of the twenty-first century.

Study materials

Literature

  • Biogeography (5th edition), Lomolino, M.V., Riddle, B.R. & Whittaker, R.J. (2016), Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, USA.

Other

  • Powerpoint presentations and other materials will be provided via Canvas.

Objectives

  • to explain what biodiversity and global change is
  • to provide examples of how global species richness can be estimated
  • to name examples of key physical factors that influence the distribution of life on Earth, and how these factors are related to major vegetation types
  • to explain what geographic ranges are, why they are dynamic, and which factors are determining their limits
  • to name and provide examples of recent changes in biodiversity, e.g. in relation to habitat loss and fragmentation, biological invasions, and climate change
  • to explain how biodiversity changes can be monitored
  • to explain the functioning of the climate system and how climates have changed over geological time
  • to name and explain biodiversity changes in the deep past, incl. shifts in species distributions and vegetation belts, changes in taxonomic diversity, functional shifts, ecosystem changes, speciation and diversification, and global and regional extinctions  
  • to describe how present-day biodiversity can be explained by historical events such as geological processes (e.g. plate tectonics, mountain uplift) and deep-time climate change (e.g. Quaternary climate oscillations, changes in tropical rainforest distribution, aridification and cooling etc.)
  • to summarize future global change scenarios and their implications for biodiversity, science, conservation management, and policy
  • to distinguish different types of models and how they allow to quantify species and ecosystem responses to future climate change
  • to handle biodiversity data in relational databases
  • to visualize data on the spatial and temporal distribution of biodiversity using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
  • to present the results from a project in a poster presentation
  • to summarize, present and critically evaluate primary scientific literature in relation to research purposes, key questions, conclusions, concepts, assumptions and implications
  • to discuss up-to-date papers in biodiversity and global change research

Teaching methods

  • Lecture
  • Computer lab session/practical training
  • Self-study
  • Working independently on e.g. a project or thesis
  • Supervision/feedback meeting
  • Seminar
Lectures & werkcolleges 40%
Practical 25%
   
Self study (incl. literature reading, presentation and exam preparation) 35%

 

Learning activities

Activity

Number of hours

Computerpracticum

28

Hoorcollege

40

Tentamen

4

Vragenuur

2

Werkcollege

24

Zelfstudie

58

Zelfstudie

12

Attendance

Programme's requirements concerning attendance (OER-B):

  • Participation in all practical (computer) sessions, field work and seminars in the curriculum is in principle obligatory. Any additional requirements are described per section in the course manual. Also the possible consequences of not fulfilling this obligation are described.

Additional requirements for this course:

Attendance at lectures is highly recommended because the material from the lectures will form the basis for the final exam. Knowing the material from the lectures is imperative to pass the course, but additional readings are required to perform excellent. Seminar-like lectures and active work parts (‘werkcolleges’) will be spread in between the lectures, and all of those are mandatory and obligatory. Attendance and participation during practical components (computer practicum and paper discussions) is also mandatory/obligatory (from Teaching and Examination Regulations). Any absence has to be discussed with the course organizer before the obligatory course parts take place and will involve additional homework to compensate for the parts that were not attended.

Assessment

Item and weight Details

Final grade

60%

Tentamen

10%

Paper discussion

30%

Computer practicum

Inspection of assessed work

For at least twenty working days after the announcement of the results of a written examination, the student can, on request, inspect his/her assessed work, the questions and assignments set, as well as the standards applied for marking. The place and time will be announced via Blackboard (from Teaching and Examination Regulations).

Assignments

Computer practicum

  • The computer practicum will be used to assess the application and comprehension level of students, especially in terms of handling and visualizing biodiversity data as well as presenting and summarizing the results of a project. Two assessments will be performed for the computer practicum, one based on daily exercises and the other one based on a poster presentation at the end.

Paper discussions

  • The paper discussions will serve to assess the presentation, comprehension, discussion stimulation and evaluation level of the students, especially in regard to understand, present and critically evaluate primary scientific literature in biodiversity and global change research. Given the educational level (3rd year BSc students), the assessment of the knowledge, comprehension and presentation level will be given more weight (3/4) than the assessment of the evaluation level (1/4). In general, 10 scientific papers (from high-profile journals such as Nature, Science etc.) are selected by the course organizer and handed out to the students. Students are assigned to groups (3-4 students in each group, 10 groups in total) and each group has to read, comprehend and critically evaluate one original scientific paper (including its supplementary material) and read and comprehend another paper to prepare for the course group paper discussions. For task 1, each student group then has to make a presentation about the content (topic, questions, hypotheses, methods, results) and a critically evaluation of the paper (related to purpose, question, information, concepts, assumptions, inferences, and point of view in the paper), followed by a discussion among all course participants. This should cover max. 30 min in total for one paper/group, incl. a presentation of the content and critical evaluation (10-12 min) and a subsequent group discussion (18-20 min). For task 2, each student/group has to prepare questions for the discussion of another paper and assess the presentations of the other student group. This will be done by filling out an assessment form.

Fraud and plagiarism

The 'Regulations governing fraud and plagiarism for UvA students' applies to this course. This will be monitored carefully. Upon suspicion of fraud or plagiarism the Examinations Board of the programme will be informed. For the 'Regulations governing fraud and plagiarism for UvA students' see: www.student.uva.nl

Course structure

Weeknummer Onderwerpen Studiestof
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Timetable

The schedule for this course is published on DataNose.

Additional information

Maximum of 40 students. The lectures, presentations and written assignments in this course will be in English. The teaching is also in English. The course requires that the student has his/her won laptop (laptop college) with a Windows operating system. ArcGIS has to be installed by the student using a 1-year (free) student license (http://www.gis-studio.nl/index.php?page=software).

Processed course evaluations

Below you will find the adjustments in the course design in response to the course evaluations.

Contact information

Coordinator

  • W.D. Kissling

Staff

  • dr. W.M. de Boer
  • Zsófia Koma MSc
  • S.J. Norder
  • dr. Kenneth Rijsdijk
  • S. Shinneman MSc